Raspberry pi audio interface. All steps are mandatory unless otherwise stated.

The Raspberry Pi Foundation has not yet published a schematic for the Raspberry Pi 2. We created our own USB microphone using a Raspberry Pi Pico board and external PDM microphone. Oct 21, 2020 · Atualmente existem diversos modelos de Rpi, como por exemplo, o Raspberry Pi 3 B+ e o Raspberry Pi 4 B, sendo que este último foi lançado em meados 2019. Never use the built in audio jack on a Raspberry Pi for anything serious. Changing audio interface. Pi 101 The principle is the same for all Raspberry Pi boards with a camera connector, though the Raspberry Pi 5 and all Raspberry Pi Zero models require a different camera cable. python-picamera-docs - Documentation for the Python interface to the RPi's camera module. I've watched a lot of videos showing RPi working with small, basic USB audio interfaces (e. Using Raspberry Pi Imager, select Choose OS -> Raspberry Pi OS (Other)-> Raspberry Pi OS Lite. rate48000Hz { type rate slave { pcm writeFile # Direct to the plugin which will write to a file format S16_LE # channels 2 rate 48000 } #route_policy copy } pcm. Raspberry Pi audio Sound Cards. But it should be possible to use on any other Linux platform. Mar 15, 2021 · Raspberry Pi 400 Raspberry Pi Pico General SDK MicroPython Other RP2040 boards; Software Raspberry Pi OS Raspberry Pi Connect Raspberry Pi Desktop for PC and Mac Other Android Debian FreeBSD Gentoo Linux Kernel NetBSD openSUSE Plan 9 Puppy Arch Pidora / Fedora RISCOS Ubuntu; Ye Olde Pi Shoppe Getting Bluetooth speakers to connect and play nicely with Raspberry Pi has not been without its problems in the past with some speakers. In Raspberry Pi Imager, click ‘Operating System’, ‘Customizing image’ and select extracted . Older versions didn't support USB audio 1. Finally we will see how to setup RuneAudio to turn the Raspberry Pi into a Hi-Fi media player. Dec 2, 2022 · Back in 2020, we welcomed the IQaudio family of hi-fi audio products into the Raspberry Pi family. Then type the two following commands to load and play the playlist: May 17, 2017 · Here's the twist: the Pi will get its internet connection from a PC via mic and audio jacks. However, Adafruit (and others) claim that the audio circuit is the same as the earlier, first generation Raspberry Pi. It includes a Toslink optical output and a coaxial output, but also an I2S LVDS output via HDMI. The Raspberry Pi runs on a variety of operating systems, most commonly Raspbian, based on the Debian Linux distribution. . See accompanying PieJam OS repository on how to create a Linux image for the Raspberry Pi. 5mm jack for audio output. 5mm audio cable <=> software modem running on PC (Java) <=> PC NIC <=> Internet Nov 28, 2018 · 6by9 Raspberry Pi Engineer & Forum Moderator Posts: 16667 Joined: Wed Dec 04, 2013 11:27 am Location: ZZ9 Plural Z Alpha, aka just outside Cambridge. One potential downside for a small number of power users: the BluOS operating system is inseparable from the Node 2/2i’s hardware. Install Python Jul 6, 2020 · Then we will learn how to play audio files from the Raspberry Pi OS’s command line interface and desktop interface. Visual aids. By integrating these two concepts, Raspberry Pi can be programmed for ham radio use. Install Python At this time, Raspbery Pi linux kernel does not support mono audio out of the I2S interface, you can only play stereo, so any mono audio files may need conversion to stereo! 2017-11-2 Raspbian PIXEL ('full') has broken something in volume control. Jan 8, 2022 · Either should work, though I have only tested the Lite version. Can I sample audio using the SPI interface on the Pi? I am using one microphone, and I need to get at least 20k samples per second. Install Python packages using apt. The I 2 S standard uses three wires to record data, keep track of timing (clock), and determine whether an input/output is in the left channel or right channel [read more on I 2 S here and here]. Whilst shopping for a simple power supply and shutdown solution for his OpenAuto Pro installation, the designer (Sam Taylor-Jones) was unable to find a solution that offered all of the features he was after in a single HAT. img file onto SD card or USB thumb drive for X64 using Raspberry Pi Imager. Before we get started, you might want to review some related background material. Depending on your raspberry pi model, you may want to use the 64-bit version of Raspberry Pi OS. In digital audio equipment it takes time for the signal at input to be processed and delivered at output. I use and like both of these for different situations. vcgencmd. 5V reference for better quality audio. Connect an amplified loud speaker or a stereo headphone to the Raspberry Pi audio output 3. Q: Is MoOde Audio Free? Specification: Condiiton: 100% Brand New Sampling Frequency:384KHz - Resolution (Bits) :16-32 - Digital Audio Interface :I2S - SNR :120dB - THD:-93dB - Dynamic range :112dB - Supports for Raspberry Pi B+, Raspberry Pi 2 Model B,Raspberry Pi 3B (64-bit) Package Included: 1 x Digital Audio Card for Raspberry PI 1 x HIFI DAC for Raspberry PI That’s too bad, but its’ a problem you can solve with – you guessed it – a Raspberry Pi. 2 is compatible with the Raspberry Pi 2, 3, and 4 models, and it can be easily connected to your Pi using the I2S interface. Otherwise, carefully remove the two wall mounting screw holes and then line up the HAT with the top ventilation spacers and remove any that are blocking the two phono sockets and the 3. python3 Orientate your Pi with the GPIO on the right and the HDMI port(s) on the left. Before trying more advanced things, let’s start with the basics: the output available and the default settings. img file. Turn your Raspberry Pi into a complete audio workstation! | Check out 'Pisound - Audio & MIDI Interface for Raspberry Pi' on Indiegogo. Use Python on a Raspberry Pi. Putting everything you’ll need for your own experiments into one easy package is the pisound audio and MIDI HAT. We cannot install our own. Raspberry Pi Codec Zero is a Raspberry Pi Zero-sized audio HAT that delivers bi-directional digital audio signals (I2S) between a Raspberry Pi and the Codec Zero’s on-board Dialog Semiconductor DA7212 codec, and allows you to use a variety of input and output devices. The driver has been reported to work on a Raspberry Pi 1 Model B combined with a SONY STR-DB840 AV receiver. By Anne. This time is called audio latency. Depending on the model, the camera may come with a small piece of translucent blue plastic film covering the lens. When combined with the Pi 4 running as a USB gadget, the Pi can receive audio, perform DSP on it, and then output up to 8 independent channels. Most answers on the internet mention uncommenting . 1, and supports all six devices I've thrown at it so far. Specification: Condiiton: 100% Brand New Sampling Frequency:384KHz - Resolution (Bits) :16-32 - Digital Audio Interface :I2S - SNR :120dB - THD:-93dB - Dynamic range :112dB - Supports for Raspberry Pi B+, Raspberry Pi 2 Model B,Raspberry Pi 3B (64-bit) Package Included: 1 x Digital Audio Card for Raspberry PI 1 x HIFI DAC for Raspberry PI May 20, 2021 · Conclusion. How the Raspberry Pi handles your audio. 5mm TRRS jack. Now restart Mopidy: Tell Iris about it. The simplest way to play audio on the Raspberry Pi is with wired speakers or headphones. There are many reviews of audio hardware and expert members to help answer your questions. Aug 20, 2022 · We tested all the examples in this document on a Pi 4B using Rasperry Pi OS, version April 2022). There are a number of different audio devices you can use with the Raspberry Pi’s USB ports. The driver has been successfully tried on a Raspberry Pi Model B (with P5 header), Raspberry Pi Zero W and Raspberry Pi 3 Model B when connected to a simple audio DAC with an S/PDIF input. Building capabilities, rather than money or engineer time, is the real rate-limiting step Jul 11, 2024 · You just plug it onto the Raspberry Pi, it is conform to the Raspberry Pi hardware-attached-on-top (HAT) specification. You can actually make a Raspberry Pi AirPlay receiver with nothing more than a few commands in Terminal. Install Python Aug 17, 2019 · As luck would have it, I have been using an 8-channel HDMI audio extractor HAT that can power the Pi via the GPIO pins and can provide 8 analog outputs at up to 24/192. CHOOSE OS > Use custom (OR right click the image file > Open with > Raspberry Pi Imager) CHOOSE STORAGE: Select SD card - normal boot; Select USB drive - boot from USB drive without SD card For Raspberry Pi 2B v1. Nov 22, 2019 · I need a USB audio interface that's good at least at 48 khz (preferably 96khz or better). The DigiPi+I2S uses the HiFiBerry Digi standard. First, insert the micro SD card into your computer. Install Python Play audio and video on Raspberry Pi OS Lite. $ apt-cache search raspi raspi3-firmware - Raspberry Pi 2 and 3 GPU firmware and bootloaders libcamera-apps - libcamera-apps libcamera-apps-lite - libcamera-apps-lite python-picamera - Pure Python interface to the Raspberry Pi's camera module. Thus, equipped with the DigiPi+I2S interface and an efficient software solution, your Raspberry Pi can Nov 1, 2013 · My previous tutorial on the Raspberry Pi, Using a Raspberry Pi as an AirPlay Receiver, made use of the device’s built-in 3. Raspberry Pi Zero (all models) mini HDMI Jan 30, 2020 · For power users, we note hi-res audio support, a subwoofer output and an analogue/TOSLINK input. Aug 21, 2020 · The Raspberry Pi 4B case used here will not accept the assembly with the DAC HAT. Connecting the Raspberry Pi to the interface is very simple in I2S using the integrated 40-pin GPIO connector. Play audio and video on Raspberry Pi OS Lite. All steps are mandatory unless otherwise stated. HDMI, audio and composite out via 3. This project uses the Pico to process audio input and output a visualization of the sound it detects to a small OLED screen in real-time. 0. Improve stream playback performance. in /boot/config. The Pi is still a UPnP renderer with convolution engine, but different software to accomplish the task. There are 5 buttons used to switch between effects, which are controlled through a custom web UI. Raspberry Pi Zero (all models) mini HDMI Jun 26, 2014 · We will use Raspberry Pi IP address instead instead the server network name. This, however, produces sound that is mediocre at best and if you’re wanting to use the Raspberry Pi for any amount of audio listening, it’s going to have to produce a better quality of audio. I'm using this to control transmit and receive, as well as to manage the audio for both, in a SDR-based transceiver for Amateur Radio. Thanks to the audio out port (see below), you can pipe music through to a dedicated speaker or simple headphones. Assim, existem inúmeros modos de Dec 14, 2020 · From the High Quality Camera to 8GB Raspberry Pi 4 to Compute Module 4 and Raspberry Pi 400, this year’s products have been under development for several years, and bringing them to market required us to build new capabilities in the engineering team. Built-in audio. Desire to learn and share knowledge of science required. Feb 7, 2022 · Raspberry Pi 400 Raspberry Pi Pico General SDK MicroPython Other RP2040 boards; Software Raspberry Pi OS Raspberry Pi Connect Raspberry Pi Desktop for PC and Mac Other Android Debian FreeBSD Gentoo Linux Kernel NetBSD openSUSE Plan 9 Puppy Arch Pidora / Fedora RISCOS Ubuntu; Ye Olde Pi Shoppe Jul 29, 2022 · This is an analysis of I²S interface to see if it is superior to S/PDIF or USB interconnects for audio DACs. Using Buster-Raspbian/Linux it must work in the Tx mode when the button MOX is keyed to Transmit from the software GSDR. Audient id4, Focusrite) or with HATs such as the DAC+ Pro, Pisound etc. Most Raspberry Pi models have two audio outputs available: HDMI: You can use your monitor or TV to play system sounds. The first time, it is necessary to use a screen and keyboard to set the Pi up. The post will explain how to configure a USB sound device on the Raspberry Pi. 10. 1 properly. card 0 device 0. The listing will tell you the card and device number of the sound input,, e. python3 Your financial support helps the project cover the costs of services and equipment needed to continue to provide great audio software to the Raspberry Pi audio community. This can take the form of a “simple” network streaming device, or as the heart of new and unusual electronic instrument. We can use Raspberry Pi as an IoT device and IoT Gateway. I have it plugged in to an Ethernet Cable and updated to the latest version of bullseye. The original Raspberry Pi featured a stereo 3. The Raspberry Pi RP2040's PIO, DMA and USB hardware features were all used in this project along with the OpenPDM2PCM and TinyUSB software libraries on one of the RP2040's Arm Cortex-M0+ processors. 5mm socket from sitting Apr 18, 2022 · Posted in Microcontrollers Tagged adc, arm, audio, digital signal processing, dsp, effects, guitar, pwm, raspberry pi, rp2040 Post navigation ← Drill Press Piece Fastening 101 Nov 6, 2020 · From what I understand, I need to configure the raspberry pi 4's usb c port as a usb gadget and use uac2 drivers to make the pi act as a usb audio interface. Oct 12, 2023 · MoOde Audio Player: FAQs Q: Is MoOde Better Than Volumio? A: Both moOde and Volumio have many features in common, be it user-friendliness, UI, support for multiple file formats, or excellent sound quality. Specify a video output device. Can I do that this way? Windows, MacOS, Ubuntu: Raspberry Pi Imager; Manjaro: pacman -Sy rpi-imager; Others: Build and install; Download an image file. Bluesound calls the shots on software updates and, therefore, on product lifespan. Dec 10, 2021 · This can make audio work in # DMT (computer monitor) modes #hdmi_drive=2 # uncomment to increase signal to HDMI, if you have interference, blanking, or # no display #config_hdmi_boost=4 # uncomment for composite PAL #sdtv_mode=2 #uncomment to overclock the arm. Install Python Mar 16, 2017 · I'm currently running Raspbian on a Raspberry Pi 3. Phillips (now NXP) had invented I²S years early as an internal protocol to route audio. writeFile { type file slave { pcm card0 # Now write to the actual sound card Raspberry PI O/S has pretty solid support for USB audio, since kernel version 5. Utilities. Raspberry Pi 3 (all models) HDMI, audio and composite out via 3. These can be Jun 4, 2022 · The developer and mastermind behind the Needle Nose Pliers blog is using a Raspberry Pi Pico to drive a custom audio spectrum analyzer. Here's an example of a "completed" project setup: Cellphone <=> WiFi <=> Software modem running on Pi (Python) <=> 3. kmsprint. These interfaces aren't enabled by default, and need some extra configuration before you can use them. With Cloud Computing interview questions, understanding how Raspberry Pi interfaces with cloud platforms can be crucial, as it involves knowledge of connecting IoT devices to cloud services for data collection, processing, and management. The initial idea was to run it as a standalone application on a Raspberry Pi with an attached USB audio interface. 2, 3A Play audio and video on Raspberry Pi OS Lite. Install Python The principle is the same for all Raspberry Pi boards with a camera connector, though the Raspberry Pi 5 and all Raspberry Pi Zero models require a different camera cable. 3v (Power) $ apt-cache search raspi raspi3-firmware - Raspberry Pi 2 and 3 GPU firmware and bootloaders libcamera-apps - libcamera-apps libcamera-apps-lite - libcamera-apps-lite python-picamera - Pure Python interface to the Raspberry Pi's camera module. Sep 17, 2013 · The Raspberry Pi has an on-board audio jack, which is super handy for all kinds of sound effects and speech, just plug and go! However, for when you want better audio for music playback, or you want to record audioa USB audio card can greatly improve the sound quality and volume, this tutorial will show you how! Nov 22, 2020 · Raspberry Pi boards are capable of recording stereo audio using an interface called the inter-IC sound (I 2 S or I2S) bus. Iris comes with full control over the Snapcast system. Multiroom audio system, based on Raspberry Pi/HiFiBerry AMP+ combination. Today we are setting up a ham radio audio interface for our raspberry pi. This was the first, and so far only, time we’ve acquired electronic products from someone else, rather than developing them ourselves: that we made an exception for IQaudio is a testament to what Gordon, Sharon, and Andrew had built together. Not all screens have built-in speakers, but it’s Jun 9, 2021 · HiFiBerry Digi+ Pro – our most advanced digital audio interface By Daniel. This tutorial will walk you through getting the I2C and SPI interfaces of your Raspberry Pi working. I would just recommend a standard-sized model (like a Raspberry Pi 4 or a Raspberry Pi 3B+), so you can plug your speakers into the jack port (no jack on the Zero). Now we can save and close the mpd. Choose target SD Card/USB drive from the ‘Internal SD Card Reader’ menu & click ‘Write’. According to something I read on Focusrite's support site, the 4i4 interface uses 900mA of current over USB, so the 2i2 should be somewhat less than that. Raspberry Pi 2 (all models) HDMI, audio and composite out via 3. txt Nov 26, 2015 · If you want a higher quality audio output, the B+ and Pi 2 use this schematic - it has a driving buffer on the audio PWM lines for better current drive and it uses a cleaner 2. Volumio is now flashed to your SD/USB! I believe the Pi supports "class compliant" USB audio interfaces, which is why the 2i2 works with it. Jul 6, 2019 · Raspberry Pi is the most popular SBC (Single Board Computer). [audio] output = autoaudiosink …to (on one line): [audio] output = audioresample ! audioconvert ! audio/x-raw,rate=48000,channels=2,format=S16LE ! wavenc ! filesink location=/tmp/snapfifo. Can the Pi handle such speed? My goal is to do that with 10 microphones simultaneously. (That's number zero). asoundrc pcm. I want to output all the audio that would normally go to the audio jack output also go to the I2S interface (on GPIO pins 12 BCK, 35 LRCK, 40 DOUT). Fortunately in December 2020 the Raspberry Pi OS received an important update to smooth the experience with Audio and Bluetooth. Thereafter, use your method of choice to access the Pi’s OS. It seems that from nearly the birth of the Raspberry Pi, hackers have seen its potential as an audio tool. Compatible with all Raspberry Pi models with a 40-pin GPIO connector; Directly powered from the Raspberry Pi, no additional power supply; Three ultra-low-noise linear voltage regulators for optimal audio performance $ apt-cache search raspi raspi3-firmware - Raspberry Pi 2 and 3 GPU firmware and bootloaders libcamera-apps - libcamera-apps libcamera-apps-lite - libcamera-apps-lite python-picamera - Pure Python interface to the Raspberry Pi's camera module. g. I have a pretty nooby question about audio interfaces working with RPi. Mar 20, 2016 · I want to record sound using an electret microphone and ADC(MCP3002), with Raspberry Pi 2 model B. python3 May 15, 2023 · The BOSS I2S DAC V 1. Installation Aug 9, 2021 · A Behringer audio interface is used to connect the guitar and mounts to the Pi through the USB port. Sound output options. The user interface was designed to perfectly fit the 7" Raspberry Pi touchscreen. Plug that Raspberry Pi into your TV with an HDMI cable, and bingo: you’re ready to rock, and all without having to buy an Apple TV. Instead, you can use any class compliant USB audio interface. Sep 11, 2020 · Add Spotify to your Raspberry Pi audio streaming system. Specify an audio output device. #arm_freq=800 # Uncomment some or all of these to enable the Introduction This is the chapter web page to support the content in Chapter 9 of the book: Exploring Raspberry Pi – Interfacing to the Real World with Embedded Linux. Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+. GPIO (General Purpose IO) SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) I 2 C (Inter-integrated Circuit) UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) Ground 5v (Power) 3. With features such as programmable green and red LEDs, plus a tactile button for user input, Codec Zero makes a great Jun 20, 2012 · Re: Do you use a USB audio interface with Raspberry Pi? Tue Jun 18, 2019 9:23 pm During my early months with the RPi I did a lot of experimenting on improving audio quality on my setup, as the default method had unsatisfactory results (hiss, hum, crackles) Thus, equipped with the DigiPi+I2S interface and an efficient software solution, your Raspberry Pi can be transformed into a real high fidelity network player. !default { type plug slave { pcm rate48000Hz # Direct default output to the below converter } } pcm. vclog. The summary introduction to the chapter is as follows: This chapter describes how the input/output interface capabilities of the Raspberry Pi (RPi) can be enhanced and extended using low-cost modules, The TJD CarPiHAT is designed to make interfacing your Raspberry Pi to your car, boat, truck, or any other 12V based system much easier. This requires a keyboard, mouse, and monitor for the initial setup. The current version of Raspberry PI OS is kernel version 6. dtparams=i2s=on. Any Raspberry Pi model: any model can run Volumio, it’s a light operating system, so there are no mandatory requirements. But if I talk about hardware support (including older Raspberry Pi models) and cost, moOde is a clear-cut winner. To see which audio interfaces are available on the pi Code: Select all pi@raspberrypi ~ $ cat ~/. Install Python Feb 20, 2020 · Raspberry Pi computers, with the exception of the Zero range, all have audio output on board. From what I recall, it was PS Audio that popularized I²S for external DAC connections. Cheap USB Audio Devices. Feb 18, 2016 · Finally, I describe my experience bringing up the Behringer UCA-202 USB audio interface on RPi2 and Raspbian JESSIE. Connecting Wired Speakers. conf file. This provides your cheapest route to getting audio from your Raspberry Pi computer. Dec 9, 2023 · Hello, I have a raspberry pi 4 8GB running rasbian and get the message No Wireless Interfaces Found when attempting to use Wi-Fi. Audio Latency and Other Parameters. Setting up a raspberry pi audio interface for ham radio data modes The basic concept of Raspberry Pi is to create a “computer” with these 3 criteria: a small size; an affordable price; important possibilities of upgrades; The Raspberry Pi Foundation tries to keep the price of their products as low as possible, and don’t add any non-essential components to their device. Recommended Reading. There's three parts to it. Oct 12, 2018 · Hopefully you can see an input device listed. Raspberry Pi 1 Model A+. It supports a wide range of audio formats, including FLAC, MP3, AAC, and DSD, and it can handle up to 32-bit/384kHz audio signals. Mar 26, 2024 · Method two uses a Raspberry Pi 5 running Raspberry Pi OS (64-bit port of Debian Bookworm) with the full Raspberry Pi desktop environment. Hi guys, new to the world of Raspberry Pi and audio production. Gallery Enjoy the beautifully designed and responsive Web User Interface (WebUI) that adapts seamlessly to Desktop, Tablet, Smartphone, TV and Ultra-wide attached displays. # Make sure the web interface can be accessed by the local network hostname = 0. Accessibility options. Dec 1, 2021 · WHAT OPERATING SYSTEMS DOES RASPBERRY PI USE? Raspberry Pi OS Linux (Buster based on Debian) - “was Raspbian” Windows 10 IoT Core Mozilla WebThings Ubuntu PiNet Ubuntu MATE RISC OS OSMC Weather Station LibreELEC DRAWS [Digital Radio Amateur WorkStation] Meet pisound from Blokas, an Audio and MIDI interface for the Raspberry Pi pocket computer… This tiny interface is equipped with Hi-Fi stereo input and output, classic MIDI In and Out ports, a user-customizable button (“The Button”) as well as bundled software tools. Install Python Sep 28, 2018 · But how useful is it for playing music and audio files? The Raspberry Pi as a Media Player Not only can you use a Raspberry Pi as a Kodi media center, a Raspberry Pi can also play music. These range from cheap 1$ Chinese ones to top-of-the-line RME Fireface UCX. Pimp your Raspberry Pi Zero, 4, 3, audio with a wide selection of affordable hight quality cards with microphone, speakers and more. Jun 4, 2019 · These devices can also be used to add audio capabilities to the Pi Zero which doesn’t include an audio jack as found on the larger Pi models. Click here to have your audio equipment measured for free! Play audio and video on Raspberry Pi OS Lite. Jan 22, 2020 · Hello Operators. 700 MHz is the default. Flash . 0 [audio] # Direct This Audiophonics DigiPi+I2S interface expands the output connectivity of a Raspberry Pi, giving it an additional panel of digital audio outputs. Raspberry Pi provides a low-cost platform for building and experimenting with various ham radio applications, including: Prerequisites to run Volumio on Raspberry Pi. 5mm jack and start the MPD server typing: service mpd start . dtoverlay=hifiberry-dac. Oct 8, 2020 · WANTED: Happy members who like to discuss audio and other topics related to our interest. The first is the time required for the ADC to do the conversion and to send digital data to the processing unit. If you’re not using a HAT, you can skip this step. After restarting Mopidy, go to the Iris interface and into Play audio and video on Raspberry Pi OS Lite. 5mm socket, and all A and B models since feature a four-pole socket that also includes composite video. Jun 9, 2023 · Step 2: Connect Raspberry Pi With Touchscreen Display If using the official Raspberry Pi Touch Display, connect the Display Serial Interface (DSI) cable (the display's ribbon cable) to the Raspberry Pi's DSI port and then connect the touchscreen's power supply to the Pi's GPIO pins. ps. I do not want to use bluetooth as this is a hifi system and bluetooth is not capable of streaming audio at a sufficient bitrate. Specify both audio and video output devices. jw uz gf iz qg zp gn ip oi ea